Random orbit sanders spin and oscillate a round sanding pad at the same time, which leaves fewer swirl marks than an orbital sheet sander and removes material faster than a detail sander. They are the general purpose sander for furniture, doors, cabinets and preparing wood for finish. The first decision is the pad size, because the common smaller pad suits most furniture, while larger pads cover big panels faster but are heavier.
Speed control and power come next. Variable speed lets you remove stock quickly at high speed and finish gently at lower speed, and helps on paint and veneer that clog or burn. Among the 5 products that list item weight, most fall between 0.9 and 3.5 pounds, and 3.1 pounds is typical. Lighter sanders are easier to hold on vertical surfaces for long periods. Cordless sanders are convenient, while corded models run without battery changes.
Dust collection makes a large difference. A hook and loop pad with matching holes in the abrasive pulls dust through the pad, and a port that connects to a shop vacuum keeps the work and the air cleaner than a cloth bag.
Before buying, check the pad size and hole pattern so you can buy abrasives easily, the speed range, the dust collection method, vibration level and whether sanding discs are included. Let the sander's weight do the work rather than pressing down, move it slowly across the surface, and wear a dust mask.
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